Animal Tissue

 Animal Tissues, Class - 9 

  Q. What is the function of animal tissue?

S.No.	Type	Functions
1.	Epithelial	Protection, absorption, secretion, excretion and reproduction
2.	Connective	Attachment, support, protection, storage and transport
3.	Muscular	Movement and locomotion; peristalsis
4.	Nervous	Control and coordination, by nerve impulse conduction

Q. What is animal tissue?

Animal tissues are made up of animal cells that have been grouped together. The structure, function, and origin of these tissues are all different. Epithelial, connective, muscular, and nervous tissues are the four types of tissues found in animals.

Q. What are the 4 types of tissue in animals?

There are 4 basic types of tissue: connective tissue, epithelial tissue, muscle tissue, and nervous tissue.

Q. What are animal cell tissues?

The tissues of multicellular, complex animals are four primary types: epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous. Recall that tissues are groups of similar cells group of similar cells carrying out related functions.

Q. What are the Functions of Animal Tissues?

1. Basement membrane anchors epithelial tissue to the underlying connective tissue.
2. It provides a selectively permeable barrier for glomerular filtration.
3. It provides a medium for material exchange between epithelial cells and vascular supply underneath.
4. It determines polarity, metabolism, cell division, repair and movement of other tissues.

1.EPITHELIAL TISSUE :-

• The word ‘epithelium’ was introduced by Ruysch.
• It is the most primitive or the first evolved type of tissue.
• It consists of cells of different shapes, held together, by a small amount of an intercellular substance called matrix.
• The epithelial cells rest on a basement membrane, which serves to bind the epithelial cells and provide nutrition to them.

Basement membrane is a delicate, non cellular layer consisting of extracellular substance. It is differentiated into outer basal lamina and inner reticular lamina. Basal lamina (lamina basalis) consists of lamina lucida in contact with the basal surfaces of the epithelial cells and lamina densa just beneath lamina lucida. The former consists of a cell coat or glycocalyx of basal surface of epithelial cells. It has proteoglycans, glycoproteins, adhesive proteins, integrins and hemidesmosomes. In kidney glomerulus, lamina lucida lies on both the sides of basal lamina due to juxtaposition of capillary cells and podocytes and absence of reticular lamina. Lamina densa consists of a delicate network of collagen, heparan sulphate, proteoglycans and laminin protein. Basal lamina is present around Schwann cells and muscle cells. Reticular lamina consists of dense matrix and collagen fibrils which bind the lamina densa to underlying connective tissue. The matrix has abundant proteoglycans.

2.Connective Tissue :-

It consists of two basic elements: cells and non cellular matrix. Connective tissue cells, unlike epithelial cells, are separated by a considerable amount of matrix. 

Matrix further consists of ground substance and fibres.

Some interesting facts about Connective tissue are as follows:

1. Joint cavities are lined by areolar connective tissue.
2. Except for cartilage, connective tissue like epithelium has a nerve supply.
3. Connective tissue, unlike epithelium, usually is highly vascular. Exceptions include cartilage which is avascular and tendons which are poorly vascular.
4. Matrix may be fluid, semifluid, gelatinous, fibrous or calcified and is usually secreted by connective tissue cells and adjacent cells and determines the tissue’s qualities. Exceptionally, blood matrix or fluid plasma is not a derivative of blood cells. Cartilage matrix is firm and pliable. Bone matrix is considerably harder and not pliable.

Some interesting facts about Muscular tissue :-

• Over 600 Skeletal Muscles Account for about Half of Our Body Weight. ...
• Skeletal Muscles Attach to Bones. ...
• Muscles Pull on Bones to Move the Body. ...
• Muscles Make Up the Walls of Many Organs. ...
• Somatic Motor Signals Move Skeletal Muscles.

The five main functions of the muscular system are: 

1. Movement
2. Support 
3. Protection 
4. Heat generation 
5. Blood circulation.

Other functions of the muscular system include:-

• Maintaining body posture and position
• Maintaining body temperature
• Storing nutrients
• Stabilizing joints
• Communication
• Construction of organs and vessels
• Breathing, speaking, and swallowing
• Digesting food and getting rid of waste
• Pumping blood through the heart and blood vessels
• Pushing a baby through the birth canal
• Seeing and hearing
• Temperature regulation
• Vision
• Urination

Q. What is unique about nervous tissue?

The nervous tissue is unique from other types of tissue in several ways: it is made up of two cell categories: neuroglia and neurons. It can send and receive electrochemical signals in the body. It transports information through impulses known as action potential. It lacks intercellular substance.

Q. What are the 5 characteristics of nervous tissue?

Characteristics of Nervous Tissue :-

• Nervous tissue compensates for nervous system CNS and PNS.
• Contains two different cells – neurons and glial cells.
• It consists of dendrites, ends of the cell body, axons, and nerves.
• The neurons secrete chemical neurotransmitters that stimulate other neurons as a result of stimuli.

Q. Name the tissue responsible for movement in our body ?

Ans : Muscular tissue is responsible for movement in the body.

Q. give 3 features of cardiac muscles.

Ans : Three features of cardiac muscles are :-

• Cell shape: Cardiac muscle cells are cylindrical, branched, and uninucleate
• Contraction: Cardiac muscles are involuntary muscles that contract rapidly but do not get fatigued.
• Function: Cardiac muscles control the contraction and relaxation of the heart.

Q. What are the functions of areolar tissue ?

• Support: Provides support and helps protect organs, muscles, and other tissues.
• Repair: Helps repair damaged tissues.
• Inflammation: Plays an important role in inflammation.
• Tissue fluid: Holds and conveys tissue fluid.
• Water and salts: Serves as a reservoir of water and salts for surrounding tissues.
• Nutrients and wastes: Almost all cells obtain their nutrients from and release their wastes into areolar connective tissue.
• Infection: Contains mast cells that help prevent infection.

Areolar tissue is found between the skin and muscles, around blood vessels and nerves, and in the bone marrow.

Some Important Questions are :-

1. Tissue that forms the inner lining of our mouth. = Squamous epithelium tissue
2. Tissue that connects muscle to bone in humans. = Tendons.
3. Tissue that stores fat in our body. =  adipose tissue.
4. Connective tissue with a fluid matrix.= the plasma.
5. Tissue present in the brain. =  nervous tissue.